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Consejos y normas: can, should, must y have to
Nivel A2Unidad 7 de 20 Sé dar consejos y hablar de normas y obligaciones.
- can / can't
- should
- must / have to
- don't have to
Cómo se forma
- can / can't · should / shouldn't · must + verbo base, sin to: You should rest
- have to / has to + verbo: She has to work · Do you have to…?
- don't have to = no hace falta · mustn't = está prohibido
Cuándo se usa
- can: capacidad y permiso
- should: consejos
- must / have to: obligación (al hablar, have to es lo más común)
- don't have to: algo que no es necesario
Ejemplos
- You should try the local food.Deberías probar la comida local.
- You have to recycle the plastic here.Aquí tienes que reciclar el plástico.
- You don't have to pay for the Wi-Fi.No hace falta pagar el wifi.
- Can I use the kitchen after ten?¿Puedo usar la cocina después de las diez?
Errores típicos de hispanohablantes
You should to rest→ You should restTras can / should / must no va to.She cans swim→ She can swimLos modales no llevan -s.You mustn't pay (= no hace falta)→ You don't have to paymustn't = prohibido; don't have to = no es necesario.Do you can help me?→ Can you help me?Con modales, la pregunta se hace invirtiendo, sin do.
Vocabulario clave
- rule — normaThe most important rule is to be quiet.
- allowed — permitidoPets aren't allowed.
- borrow — pedir prestadoCan I borrow your charger?
- lend — prestarI can lend you an umbrella.
- take out the rubbish — sacar la basuraYou have to take out the rubbish on Mondays.
- quiet — silencioso, tranquiloPlease be quiet after eleven.
- advice — consejo(s)Can you give me some advice?
- avoid — evitarYou should avoid that street at night.
- shared — compartidoThe kitchen is shared.
- rent — alquilerThe rent includes the bills.