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Lo que pudo ser: tercer condicional, I wish y should have
Nivel B2Unidad 13 de 20 Sé hablar de lo que habría pasado y de lo que lamento.
- tercer condicional
- condicionales mixtos
- I wish / if only
- should have + participio
Cómo se forma
- Tercer condicional: If + had + participio, would have + participio: If I had known, I would have called you
- Mixto (pasado → presente): If + had + participio, would + verbo: If I had taken that job, I would live in London now
- I wish / If only + had + participio (lamentar el pasado): I wish I had studied harder
- I wish + pasado simple (querer un presente distinto): I wish I spoke better English
- should have / shouldn't have + participio: I should have left earlier
Cuándo se usa
- Imaginar un pasado distinto y sus consecuencias
- Expresar arrepentimiento y deseos
Ejemplos
- If I had known about the traffic, I would have taken the train.Si hubiera sabido lo del tráfico, habría cogido el tren.
- If she hadn't moved to Dublin, she wouldn't speak English so well now.Si no se hubiera mudado a Dublín, ahora no hablaría inglés tan bien.
- I wish I had listened to my parents.Ojalá hubiera hecho caso a mis padres.
- We should have booked the tickets earlier.Deberíamos haber reservado las entradas antes.
Las tres estructuras
| Tipo | Estructura | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| Tercero | If + had + participio → would have + participio | If I had seen it, I would have told you |
| Mixto | If + had + participio → would + verbo | If I had saved, I would be rich now |
| Deseo | I wish + had + participio | I wish I had gone |
Errores típicos de hispanohablantes
If I would have known, I would have gone→ If I had known, I would have goneTras if va had + participio, nunca would.I wish I would have studied more→ I wish I had studied morePara lamentar el pasado: wish + had + participio.I should have go→ I should have goneshould have + participio (gone), no el infinitivo.If I had studied medicine, I would have been a doctor now→ If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor nowSi la consecuencia es de ahora (now), would + verbo: condicional mixto.
Vocabulario clave
- regret — arrepentirse; arrepentimientoI regret not travelling more.
- turn out — resultar, salirThings didn't turn out as I expected.
- make a decision — tomar una decisiónIt was hard to make a decision.
- opportunity — oportunidadI missed a great opportunity.
- looking back — mirando atrásLooking back, I was very lucky.
- by chance — por casualidadWe met by chance in Rome.
- if only — ojaláIf only I had more time!
- in hindsight — visto con perspectivaIn hindsight, it was a mistake.
- worth it — que vale la penaIt was hard, but it was worth it.
- end up — acabar (haciendo algo)I might end up living abroad.