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El present perfect continuo en inglés
Present perfect continuo (Present perfect continuous): algo que empezó antes y sigue ahora. Por ejemplo: I have been studying.
Para qué sirve
- Algo que empezó antes y sigue ahora, con su duración: I have been studying for two hours.
- Una actividad que acaba de parar y se nota: I am tired because I have been running.
- Algo repetido últimamente: She has been working a lot lately.
- Preguntar cuánto lleva pasando: How long have you been waiting?
Cómo se forma
| Frase | Estructura | Ejemplos |
|---|---|---|
| Afirmativa | sujeto + have / has + been + verbo-ing | I have been working. She has been working. |
| Negativa | sujeto + haven't / hasn't + been + verbo-ing | I haven't been working. She hasn't been working. |
| Pregunta | Have / Has + sujeto + been + verbo-ing? | Have you been working? Has she been working? |
Palabras que lo delatan
Si ves estas palabras en una frase, es una pista de que hace falta el present perfect continuo:
- for
- since
- all day
- all morning
- lately
- recently
- how long…?
Errores típicos de hispanohablantes
I am studying English since January.→ I have been studying English since January.En español dices «estudio desde enero», pero en inglés, con since o for, present perfect continuo.I have been knowing her for years.→ I have known her for years.Verbos como know, like o want casi nunca van en -ing: present perfect simple.I have been study all morning.→ I have been studying all morning.Después de been, el verbo lleva -ing.
El mismo verbo en otros tiempos
Con I have been working here since 2019. («Llevo trabajando aquí desde 2019.») como punto de partida, mira cómo cambia la idea según el tiempo:
- Presente simple: I work every day. — Trabajo todos los días.
- Presente continuo: I am working now. — Estoy trabajando ahora.
- Pasado simple: I worked yesterday. — Trabajé ayer.
- Futuro (will y going to): I will work tomorrow. — Trabajaré mañana.
- Present perfect: I have worked here since 2019. — Trabajo aquí desde 2019.
- Pasado continuo: I was working at eight. — Estaba trabajando a las ocho.
- Pasado perfecto: I had worked before she arrived. — Había trabajado antes de que ella llegara.
- Futuro continuo: I will be working at eight. — Estaré trabajando a las ocho.
- Futuro perfecto: I will have worked here for ten years by June. — En junio llevaré diez años trabajando aquí.
Cinco frases para empezar
El método de tutorus: escribe una frase de cada tipo y comprueba que suenan bien.
- I have been learning English for two years.Afirmativa
- I haven't been sleeping well lately.Negativa
- How long have you been waiting?Pregunta
- I have been working from home since March.Sobre tu vida
- It has been raining all day, so I stayed in.Para una conversación